Journal of Global and Area Studies Vol. 7 No. 4
Table of Contents
Contents, Released table
Contents |
| Released |
January 1, 2016 |
Articles
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Special issue: Trans-Pacific Dialogue_A Comparative Study on Service Trade Competitiveness: Guangxi Province of China and ASEAN Countries in the Belt and Road Initiative |
p.1-29 |
| Author |
Bingxian CHEN , Yan TAN , Ying CHENG , Cheng-Min NONG |
| Released |
December 31, 2023 |
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- Abstract
- Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has consistently been China’s closest
trading partner, and Guangxi Province has emerged as a vital trading hub connecting
China and ASEAN, owing to its unique geographical location and supportive government policies. Although Guangxi’s service trade has grown significantly due
to the Belt and Road Initiative, its global competitiveness remains relatively weak,
and there is room for improvement in the overall volume of service trade. This study
begins by reviewing existing research on the subject, revealing that ASEAN
outperforms Guangxi in terms of total economic volume, total foreign trade, and total
service trade. However, a closer examination reveals that Guangxi has an advantage
in terms of industrial structure, service trade growth rate, and foreign trade
composition. Using the market share index the revealed comparative advantage index, and the trade competitiveness index, the study identifies that Guangxi exhibits higher competitiveness in the service trade than ASEAN. Furthermore, using time series data from 2008 to 2019, an econometric model is developed using the Michael Porter Diamond Model to assess the determinants of Guangxi’s service trade competitiveness. The analysis concludes that gross domestic product positively impacts service trade, with service trade openness and foreign direct investment playing pivotal roles, outweighing their influence on ASEAN. In contrast, the proportion of the labor force has the least impact on Guangxi’s service trade competitiveness. In conclusion, this study provides recommendations and policy implications for enhancing the competitiveness of Guangxi’s service trade sector.
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Special issue: Trans-Pacific Dialogue_ASEAN’s Structural Limitations and Heterogeneous Perceptions of China’s Expansion: Raising Trade and Regional Diplomacy |
p.31-54 |
| Author |
Jae-seung Lee , Seog-soo Kim |
| Released |
December 31, 2023 |
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- Abstract
- The relationship between China and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations
(ASEAN) exhibits a mixture of both cooperation and hedging. China’s growing
economic power should, of course, join the institutionalized framework of Southeast
Asia, but the tension caused by maritime disputes―including the South China Sea
dispute―remains the concern of an individual country. China has the opportunity
to shape the structure of regional cooperation through the Belt and Road Initiative
and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership. is bandwagoning on China’s
plan, and it agrees with the economic sector. However, the structure does not work
together in areas other than the promotion of free trade and the expansion of
infrastructural facilities, especially in the diplomatic and security sectors. Southeast
Asian states have actively responded to this situation, but due to institutional
limitations and internal problems within ASEAN, there have been certain difficulties
in responding to China’s increasing power in an appropriate manner.
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Special issue: Trans-Pacific Dialogue _Interpreting U.S. Public Opinion on Cross-Strait Relations during President Tsai Ing-wen’s First Term in Office: A Twitter Sentiment Analysis |
p.55-81 |
| Author |
Maulana Amrullah |
| Released |
December 31, 2023 |
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- Abstract
- The U.S. government’s official stance is to uphold the “One China Policy,” while also
informally supporting Taiwan as a counterbalance to China. However, official foreign
policy does not necessarily align with U.S. public perception of cross-strait relations.
This research explores this divergence, focusing particularly on the era of Tsai
Ing-wen’s presidency, which started in 2016. This study uses machine learning and
natural language processing techniques to analyze sentiments and emotions
expressed in tweets related to Americans’ views on cross-strait relations. The findings
reveal a complex emotional and sentiment landscape that goes beyond a binary
positive–negative categorization. While sentiments appear balanced on the surface,
a deeper analysis suggests that most Americans advocate a tougher U.S. stance against China. This tendency in opinion is likely due to several controversies surrounding President Trump’s stance on Taiwan. This study enriches existing theories of public opinion and international relations by incorporating social media data and underscores the intricate relationship between public sentiment and formal policy, offering critical insights for policymakers and diplomats in Taiwan.
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Special issue: Trans-Pacific Dialogue _Knowledge Diplomacy: Managing IPR Flows in China-U.S. Trade |
p.83-103 |
| Author |
Dennis L. McNamara |
| Released |
December 31, 2023 |
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- Abstract
- Knowledge flows remain the critical exchange for upgrading within economies, but
also for technological advancement or “innovation,” across national economies.
Intellectual Property regimes such as the World Intellectual Property Organization
protect knowledge resources in Global Value Chains (GVC). This paper builds on recent efforts to bring the study of law into GVC scholarship with a focus on U.S. institutions managing knowledge flows in trade and investment, with a focus on intellectual property rights. Associations such as the World Trade Organization (WTO) work to institutionalize trust in legal procedures supporting knowledge exchange in what I term a “property dialogue.” However, U.S. security concerns about China’s military applications of knowledge drawn from these streams have prompted the U.S.
administration to initiate new controls. What are the controls and how will the controls affect the broader cooperation on property rights? Will de-risking out of security concerns lead to a broader de-coupling of supply chains? This paper tracks recent U.S. policies on chain resilience and chain security to assess their effect on bilateral market ties.
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Global Value Chains and its Implication on Investment |
p.105-122 |
| Author |
Kunhyui Kim |
| Released |
December 31, 2023 |
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- Abstract
- Foreign investment and international trade are the key drivers of economic
development. While the past literature on FDI often addressed the positive economic
impact of foreign investment, the linkage between FDI and international trade is still
controversial. To thoroughly examine the relationship between FDI and international
trade, we develop a reduced-form equation model to test the impact of international
trade on FDI empirically. As the structure of international trade shifted to an
exclusively fragmented production network known as the Age of Global Value Chains,
we incorporate the Global Value Chains participation as a driving force of FDI inflow.
Defining Global Value Chains participation as the global network of an economy on
the world and FDI as a foreign investment policy, we empirically test whether the
Global Value Chains network affects the investment policy of a nation. We decompose
GVCs participation as backward and forward participation, where backward
participation refers to the foreign value-added content of domestic exports, and
forward participation indicates the domestic value-added content of foreign exports.
Our panel fixed effect regression results indicate that the more countries are engaged
in GVCs participation, the more they receive FDI. Particularly, economies with higher
forward participation have a higher chance of receiving foreign investment than those
with higher backward participation.
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Creative Industries in Los Angeles during the COVID-19 Crisis: “Critical Infrastructure” and “Essential Workers” in the Postindustrial Economy |
p.123-132 |
| Author |
Edward J.W. Park |
| Released |
December 31, 2023 |
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- Abstract
- As the COVID-19 pandemic swept across the globe in early 2020, nations and cities around the world scrambled to protect their core industries. While healthcare industries and their workers were initially the focus, the list quickly grew as the severity and duration of the pandemic deepened. The broad guidelines developed by the federal government were implemented by state and local governments as they identified sectors of the economy and workforce that were critical and essential to their regions. For many agencies, this was the first and only time they were compelled to create such a list, revealing how political leaders and policymakers prioritized their regional economy in a moment of profound crisis.
In the United States, the inclusion of the film and television industry into the highest
Essential Workforce category in the State of California was initially met with intense
criticism, protest, and ridicule (Chan 2020). However, political leaders, the industry, and unions all held firm in their defense of such inclusion, eventually shifting public opinion within the state. This paper recounts how California and the City of Los Angeles designated its cultural industry as essential during the COVID-19 Crisis. It also examines the intense debate around its inclusion and draws lessons on the contemporary global economy. The film and television industry of Los Angeles is a significant driver of economic activity not only for California but also for the entire United States. In June 2020, after working with federal agencies, California Public Health officials declared that music, TV, and film production may resume within the state (Newsom 2020b). This decision reflects the reality that cultural industries in California and Los Angeles are industries of production, not only of distribution and consumption. In these sites of production, thousands of workers were required to work closely together in ways that made social distancing impossible. Additionally, to generate widespread support, political leaders stressed the importance of continued production for larger groups of middle- and low-wage workers behind the scenes to justify their policies over that of a few highly paid and well-known stars in front of
the camera. Ultimately, the designation of the cultural industry in Los Angeles as “critical infrastructure” and its rank-and-file employees as “essential workers” pointed to the reality that California’s economy has become ever more dependent on creative industries for maintaining critical levels of employment and tax base.
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Emerging Right-wing Euroscepticism in European Parliament Elections: Correlation Analysis of European and Domestic Factors |
p.133-157 |
| Author |
Chang-Rhyong Oh , Yoo-Duk Kang |
| Released |
December 31, 2023 |
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- Abstract
- This article examines the impact of European and domestic factors on support for
Eurosceptic parties in European Parliament elections. Our analysis confirms that
country-level Eurosceptic sentiment reliably predicts the level of support for such
parties, regardless of intensity. We find that political and economic variables help
explain trust in the European Union (EU) across countries. Low confidence in national
governments and economic downturns negatively correlate with public support for
the EU, leading to increased votes for Eurosceptic parties. However, macrolevel analysis reveals no direct association between migration/refugee issues and the rise of Eurosceptic parties in recent European elections. These findings underscore the
intricate interplay of European and domestic factors in shaping support for Eurosceptic parties. While political and economic factors play a significant role, migration, and refugee issues have less impact at the macrolevel.
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Politics of Normative Power and the European Union’s Trans-Atlantic Public Diplomacy in Latin America: The Case of Mexico |
p.159-176 |
| Author |
Sangbo Lee , Gilberto Javier Cabrera Trimiño , Hoyoon Jung |
| Released |
December 31, 2023 |
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- Abstract
- The diplomatic relationship between the European Union (EU) and Mexico is grounded in shared values, forming a robust foundation for collaboration. Beginning in 1975 with the Framework Cooperation Agreement, their partnership has grown through numerous agreements, including the landmark Global Agreement in 1997, expanding cooperation across political, economic, and environmental domains. The EU-Mexico Free Trade Agreement of 2000 further fortified their ties, enhancing trade and investment flows. Beyond commerce, the EU and Mexico cooperate on global challenges like climate change, human rights, and counterterrorism. Regular high-level dialogues facilitate effective coordination on international matters. The EU Delegation’s consistent public diplomacy activities in Mexico aim to strengthen the strategic partnership and promote a favorable EU image. This research employs big data analytics to scrutinize the EU Delegation’s digital public diplomacy strategies in Mexico, unraveling their communication methods and examining the projection
of the EU’s normative power. Through thorough analysis of content from the EU Delegation’s official Facebook page (September 2020 to December 2021), this study employs keyword and semantic network analyses to uncover underlying patterns and connections. The findings provide an overview of the EU’s public diplomacy in Mexico, showcasing themes such as climate, diplomacy, gender, ethics, and collaboration. This aligns with the multi-dimensional approach posited by Dominguez et al. (2023), showcasing strategic engagement through enduring networks and digital diplomacy. Overall, this study argues that the EU’s normative power is effectively projected through advocacy-focused public diplomacy, fostering shared
values and productive collaboration in the evolving global landscape.
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Religiosity in Mexico: The Cult of The Virgin of Guadalupe |
p.177-192 |
| Author |
Eva Leticia Brito Benitez , So-Hyeon Kim , Yongseok Noh |
| Released |
December 31, 2023 |
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- Abstract
- To understand the religiosity and syncretism in the so-called Guadalupano
phenomenon in Mexico, it is necessary to understand the historical veneration of
the Earth goddess by ancient ethnic groups. Their religion was based on devotion
to female and male deities of fertility and creation. The Mexicas, a group that settled
in central Mexico, had a particular fervor for Tonantzin, which means “Our Mother”
and tzin “respect” in Tonan. When the first Spanish friars arrived with an evangelizing
mission and realized that the Christian doctrine meant nothing to the indigenous
people, they looked for similarities between their old beliefs and the newly imposed
religion. At the same time, the natives took advantage of this transmutation to keep
their deities alive. Thus, in a merging of the goddess Tonantzin’s characteristics and
the Virgin Mary’s attributions, Santa María de Guadalupe emerged. This image of
motherhood is a product of a syncretic process characterized by the power of
Christianity and indigenous resistance to domination. It is the Mexican Catholic
population’s most important devotion and religious celebration.
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The Effects of Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) Soft-Terrorism Strategies on Turkish Public Opinion Using Google Data |
p.193-212 |
| Author |
Ahmet Yiğitalp Tulga |
| Released |
January 1, 2016 |
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- Abstract
- The development of social media and internet technologies has significantly impacted
individuals, organizations, and societies. Notably, these advancements have influenced individuals and communities and profoundly affected terrorist organizations. The adept use of these technologies by existing terrorist organizations has had a negative psychological impact on individuals who may not be directly affected by terrorist attacks. The soft-terrorism concept captures this dynamic. This study analyzes Google data to comprehend the influence of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), one of the organizations that most effectively employs soft-terrorism strategies, on Turkish public opinion. To gain insights into the Turkish public’s interest in ISIS terrorist attacks and soft-terrorism strategies, Turkish Google searches on “ISIS” between January 2014 and December 2018 are analyzed. The research findings indicate that ISIS’ soft-terrorism strategies have a more significant impact on capturing the attention of the Turkish public compared to the terrorist attacks carried out by ISIS within Turkey. Moreover, ISIS’ soft-terrorist strategies have long-term effects on Turkish interest in ISIS.
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Coping Strategies of Tourism Workers during the Covid-19 Pandemic in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam |
p.213-238 |
| Author |
Nguyen Thuy Nguyen , Nguyen Thi Hong Xoan |
| Released |
December 31, 2023 |
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- Abstract
- This study undertakes an in-depth analysis of the implications of the COVID-19
pandemic on various employee demographics within the tourism industry of Ho Chi
Minh City from a socioeconomic perspective. This study additionally seeks to elucidate the variables that contribute to disparities among tourism employee subgroups by investigating their distinct approaches to the hardships imposed by the pandemic. The research architecture incorporates a blend of quantitative and qualitative methods, entailing an evaluation of secondary data and comprehensive interviews in a carefully chosen sample of 16 participants from the tourism industry. The results reveal that the government’s strategies in managing the COVID-19 crisis have considerable influence on individuals’ adaptive mechanisms. The pivotal role of social capital and networks in navigating the obstacles precipitated by the pandemic is emphasized. This article illuminates the socioeconomic repercussions for this
susceptible group, pinpointing the factors that can exacerbate inequality, and
proposes potential policy interventions for support.
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Korean Perspectives_Spatial Econometric Analysis of Korea’s Official Development Assistance Allocation Using Error Corrected Spatial Lag and Spatial Error Models |
p.23-256 |
| Author |
Chae-Deug Yi |
| Released |
December 31, 2023 |
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- Abstract
- This study used spatial models to analyze Korea’s official development assistance
(ODA) allocation to 55 recipient countries in Asia, Africa, Eastern Europe, the Pacific,
and Central America in the 2010s. The spatial lag model with spatial two-stage least
squares estimators shows that the first-order spatially lagged dependent variable
coefficient of Korea’s ODA to the ODA recipient was highly positive. The democracy
level of ODA recipient countries and the world ODA of recipient countries positively
influenced Korea’s ODA to recipient countries. However, the spatial error correction
estimation of spatial lag and spatial error model shows that while the democracy
level of the recipient countries is significant, the distance between Korea and the
recipients, trade with recipients, recipients’ gross domestic product (GDP), world ODA, and foreign direct investment (FDI) to recipients does not significantly influence
changes to Korea’s ODA in the short run.
